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Perioperative factors associated with puppy vigor after delivery by Cesarean Section
This prospective study examined the perioperative factors associated with puppy vigor in a clinical population of 807 litters containing 3,410 cesarean-derived puppies. Information was obtained from 109 private and institutional practices in the United States and Canada. Puppy vigor was determined by assessing three spontaneous conditions within 2 minutes after delivery: breathing, moving, and vocalizing. The percentages of live-born puppies with these characteristics were 85%, 73%, and 60%, respectively. After screening tests, logistic-regression models were run on all remaining factors using the litter as the unit of analysis, and odds ratios [OR] were determined. An OR <1.0 means that the odds are decreased for that puppy vigor condition when the factor is present, compared with a litter in which the factor is not present. Conversely, when the OR is >1.0, the odds are increased for that puppy vigor condition when that factor is present. The following factors were associated with the litter having all puppies breathing at birth: using an inhalant anesthetic (0.36 OR) or ketamine (0.43 OR), surgery at one particular private practice (3.52 OR), and surgery at a teaching institute rather than a private practice (0.36 OR). The following factors were associated with the litter having any spontaneously moving puppies at birth: all puppies breathing spontaneously (2.72 OR), any puppy vocalizing spontaneously (117 OR), using inhalant anesthesia (0.26 OR), and using thiopental or thiamylal (0.37 OR). The following factors were associated with the litter having any spontaneously vocalizing puppies at birth: all puppies breathing spontaneously (2.58 OR), any puppy moving spontaneously (152 OR), brachycephalic dam (0.62 OR), the dam was a Labrador retriever (7.23 OR), and using isoflurane (2.51 OR). In conclusion, the anesthetic factors associated with increased puppy vigor included the use of isoflurane and the avoidance of ketamine, thiamylal, and thiopental.
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-6401, USA.
Moon-Massat PF, Erb HN.
Universities and Veterinarian Research
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Il Colpo di Calore: il nemico del Bulldog Inglese
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The Original Bulldog Club ->> The Bulldog Club of Milan ->>To promote and encourage the Breeding of Pure Bulldogs in all of the World, but more especially In the provinces of England, to Ireland, and in Scotland, in Italy, in Lombardy and in Milan.
Honorary President, Ever and Forever, Mrs. D.N. and Mr. Les Thorpe. Bulldog Club, creato per celebrare la incredibile nascita proprio a Milano, per merito esclusivo di Tuffnuts Bulldogs, in collaborazione con il The Bulldog International Research Center e con Ocobo Show Bulldogs, di quelli che, secondo i più profondi studi mondialmente dimostrabili, risulterebbero essere i più diretti discendenti e, quindi, i legittimi eredi di Rosa, il capostipite della Razza Bulldog, con genealogia integralmente inglese, Lincolnshire, Tuffnuts Ocobo. Il Club si è formato, infatti, nel Dicembre 2004 alla nascita di Tuffnuts Snow Angel Tuffnuts, dedicata al Maggiore L.A. Jackson ed a Dr. Les Cotton, il secondo Original Pure Breed Bulldog, nato a Milano ed in Italia dopo Tully, nato nel 2000, sempre nell ' Allevamento Tuffnuts Snow Angel. Per supportare la razza e tutti coloro che possiedono un Bulldog Inglese. Cucciolate disponibli, affidamento bulldogs, problemi di salute, riproduttori disponibili, etc..Il primo Club che si pone l'obiettivo di selezionare ed allevare anche il Bulldog Originale di Razza Pura, come era fino all' inizio del 20° secolo, con una genealogia completamente inglese, discendente dai più famosi Campioni della Storia.
Original Bulldog Old English Bulldog Olde English Bulldogge Purebred Bulldog:Tully
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